Table 1 Potential drugs with cancer indications for treatment of COVID-19
From: The intersection of COVID-19 and cancer: signaling pathways and treatment implications
| Drugs | Targets | Cancer indication | Antiviral indication | Clinical trial identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-cytokine therapies | ||||
| SINE compounds (Selinexor; Verdinexor) | XPO1 | Multiple myeloma [90,91,92], non-Hodgkin lymphoma [92], acute myeloid leukemia [93, 94], solid tumors [84, 95] | Influenza viruses [87] | NCT04349098, NCT04349098, NCT04355676 |
| Acalabrutinib | BTK | Specific B cell malignancies [96, 97] | COVID-19 [98] | NCT04394884, NCT04380688, NCT04346199, NCT04647669 |
| Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone; Hydrocortisone; Methylprednisolone) | TNF-α | Hematological malignancies [99] | COVID-19 [100, 101] | NCT04648410, NCT04654416, NCT04359511, NCT04530409, NCT04586114, NCT04451174, NCT04484493, NCT04344288 |
| Tocilizumab | IL-6R | Various cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and colitis-associated colorectal cancer [102,103,104] | COVID-19 [105,106,107] | NCT04320615, NCT04372186, NCT04370834 |
| Siltuximab | Various cancers, such as ovarian cancer, lung cancer [108, 109] | COVID-19 [110] | NCT04486521, NCT04330638, NCT04329650 | |
| Ruxolitinib | JAK1/2 | myeloproliferative neoplasms [111] | COVID-19 [112, 113] | NCT0435579, NCT04362137, NCT04377620, NCT04334044, NCT04337359, NCT04338958, NCT04348695, NCT04354714 |
| Baricitinib | Non-melanoma skin cancer [114] | COVID-19 [115, 116] | NCT04358614, NCT04340232, NCT04373044, NCT04393051, NCT04320277, NCT04399798, NCT04346147, NCT04362943 | |
| Interferon-based therapies | ||||
| IFNα or IFNβ | N/A | Hematological cancers [117] | Hepatitis B and C HIV [118] COVID-19 [119,120,121] | NCT04344600, NCT04350671, NCT04343768. NCT04343976, NCT04254874, NCT04320238, ChiCTR2000029387, NCT04315948, NCT04276688 |
| Androgen-deprivation therapies | ||||
| Enzalutamide | Androgen receptor (AR) | Prostate cancer [122] | COVID-19 [3] | NCT04475601 |
| Apalutamide | N/A | |||
| Darolutamide | N/A | |||
| Proxalutamide | NCT04446429, NCT04728802 | |||
| Bicalutamide | NCT04509999 | |||
| Camostat | TMPRSS2 | NCT04652765 | ||
| Nafamostat | NCT04418128, NCT04390594, NCT04352400, NCT04628143, NCT04623021, NCT04473053 | |||
| Bromhexine | NCT04355026, NCT04405999, NCT04424134 | |||
| Immune checkpoint inhibitors | ||||
| Pembrolizumab | PD-1 | Various cancers [123,124,125] |
HIV [126] HBV/HCV [127, 128] COVID-19 [129] | NCT04335305 |
| Nivolumab | NCT04413838, NCT04356508, NCT04343144 | |||
| Monalizumab | NKG2A | Various cancers such as ovarian cancer, squamous cervical cancer, and epithelial endometrial cancer [130] | COVID-19 [131] | NCT04333914 |
| Avdoralimab | C5aR | Solid tumors such as cervical cancer and breast cancer [132, 133] | COVID-19 [134] | NCT04333914 |